Soil contamination occurs when harmful substances, such as chemicals or waste, are introduced into the soil, degrading its quality and making it unsafe for plants, animals, and humans. Common sources of soil contamination include industrial activities, agricultural practices, and improper waste disposal. These pollutants can disrupt the natural balance of the ecosystem and lead to long-term environmental damage. The effects of soil contamination can be severe, impacting food safety and water quality. Contaminated soil can hinder plant growth and reduce agricultural productivity. Additionally, toxic substances can leach into groundwater, posing health risks to communities. Addressing soil contamination often requires cleanup efforts and stricter regulations on pollution and waste management.