Soil conditioners are materials added to soil to improve its physical properties, enhancing its structure, aeration, and moisture retention. Common types include organic matter like compost and peat, as well as inorganic materials such as gypsum and lime. These amendments help create a healthier environment for plants by promoting better root growth and nutrient availability. Using soil conditioners can also improve drainage in heavy clay soils and increase water retention in sandy soils. By balancing soil pH and adding essential nutrients, soil conditioners support the overall health of the ecosystem, benefiting both plants and microorganisms in the soil.