Software components are individual parts of a software system that work together to perform specific functions. Each component can be thought of as a building block, like a piece of a puzzle, that contributes to the overall functionality of an application. For example, a user interface component might handle how users interact with the software, while a database component manages data storage and retrieval. These components can be reused across different projects, making software development more efficient. By breaking down complex systems into smaller, manageable pieces, developers can focus on improving each component individually. This modular approach also simplifies maintenance and updates, ensuring that software remains reliable and up-to-date.