A snow pit is a small excavation made in the snowpack to study its layers and properties. By digging a vertical hole, researchers can observe the different layers of snow, which can vary in density, temperature, and moisture content. This information is crucial for understanding snow stability and predicting avalanche risks. Snow pits are commonly used by avalanche forecasters and ski patrollers to assess the safety of slopes before skiing or snowboarding. The data collected from these pits helps in making informed decisions about where it is safe to travel in snowy environments, ultimately enhancing safety for outdoor enthusiasts.