Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs when an excessive number of bacteria grow in the small intestine, where they normally exist in lower amounts. This condition can lead to various digestive issues, including bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. SIBO can disrupt nutrient absorption, potentially resulting in deficiencies. Several factors can contribute to SIBO, such as intestinal motility disorders, certain medications, and anatomical abnormalities in the digestive tract. Diagnosis typically involves breath tests or small intestine aspirate, while treatment may include antibiotics and dietary changes to restore a healthy balance of gut bacteria.