A sine wave is a smooth, periodic oscillation that represents a continuous wave. It is characterized by its amplitude, frequency, and phase. The shape of a sine wave resembles a smooth, repeating curve that rises and falls in a regular pattern. Sine waves are fundamental in various fields, including physics, engineering, and music. Sine waves can be described mathematically using the sine function from trigonometry. They are essential for understanding sound waves, light waves, and alternating current in electrical systems. The properties of sine waves make them useful for modeling and analyzing various natural phenomena and technological applications.