Silicon solar cells are devices that convert sunlight into electricity using silicon, a common semiconductor material. They work by absorbing photons from sunlight, which then excite electrons in the silicon, creating an electric current. These cells are widely used in solar panels for residential and commercial energy production. There are two main types of silicon solar cells: monocrystalline and polycrystalline. Monocrystalline cells are made from a single crystal structure, making them more efficient but also more expensive. Polycrystalline cells, made from multiple silicon crystals, are less efficient but more affordable, making them a popular choice for many solar energy applications.