Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in cellular signaling. They are primarily involved in transmitting signals from cell surface receptors to the nucleus, where they influence gene expression. When a cell receives a signal, such as a hormone or cytokine, STATs become activated and migrate to the nucleus to regulate specific genes. Once in the nucleus, activated STATs bind to DNA and promote or inhibit the transcription of target genes. This process is essential for various biological functions, including immune response, cell growth, and differentiation. Dysregulation of STAT signaling can lead to diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders.