Signal theory is a framework used to understand how information is transmitted and interpreted in various contexts. It focuses on the relationship between signals, which can be anything from sounds to visual cues, and the responses they elicit from receivers. This theory is widely applied in fields like communication, biology, and economics to analyze how effective signals can influence behavior and decision-making. In essence, signal theory posits that signals carry information that can indicate the quality or intentions of the sender. For example, in evolutionary biology, animals may use bright colors or elaborate displays as signals to attract mates or deter rivals. Understanding these signals helps researchers decipher the underlying motivations and strategies of different species.