Control Theory is a branch of engineering and mathematics that deals with the behavior of dynamic systems. It focuses on how to manipulate the inputs to a system to achieve desired outputs. This theory is widely used in various fields, including automotive engineering, aerospace, and robotics, to ensure systems operate efficiently and effectively. At its core, Control Theory involves feedback loops, where the output of a system is monitored and compared to a desired setpoint. If there is a difference, adjustments are made to the input to minimize this error. This principle is essential in applications like temperature control in ovens and cruise control in vehicles.