Signal modulation is the process of varying a carrier signal's properties, such as its amplitude, frequency, or phase, to encode information. This technique is essential in telecommunications, allowing data to be transmitted over various media, including radio waves and optical fibers. By modifying the carrier signal, information can be sent efficiently and effectively over long distances. There are several types of modulation, including Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), and Phase Modulation (PM). Each type has its advantages and is suited for different applications, such as broadcasting, data communication, and satellite transmissions. Understanding these methods is crucial for modern communication systems.