Modulation techniques are methods used to encode information onto a carrier signal for transmission. This process allows data, such as voice or video, to be sent over various communication channels, like radio waves or fiber optics. Common modulation techniques include Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), and Phase Shift Keying (PSK). Each technique alters the carrier signal in different ways to represent the original information. These techniques are essential in modern communication systems, enabling devices like smartphones and televisions to receive and process signals effectively. By using modulation, we can improve the quality and efficiency of data transmission, ensuring that information reaches its destination clearly and accurately.