The shortest path problem is a common issue in graph theory where the goal is to find the shortest route between two points in a network. This network can be represented as a graph, with nodes representing locations and edges representing the paths or connections between them. The objective is to minimize the total distance or cost of travel from the starting point to the destination. Various algorithms, such as Dijkstra's algorithm and Bellman-Ford algorithm, are used to solve the shortest path problem. These methods efficiently calculate the optimal path by considering factors like distance, weight, and direction. The problem has practical applications in areas like navigation systems, telecommunications, and transportation planning.