Shortest path algorithms are methods used to find the most efficient route between two points in a graph, which can represent various structures like road networks or computer networks. These algorithms help determine the least costly path in terms of distance, time, or other metrics, making them essential in navigation systems and logistics. Common examples of shortest path algorithms include Dijkstra's algorithm and Bellman-Ford algorithm. Dijkstra's algorithm is particularly effective for graphs with non-negative weights, while Bellman-Ford can handle graphs with negative weights. These algorithms are widely used in applications such as GPS navigation and network routing.