The short gastric veins are small blood vessels that drain blood from the stomach, specifically from the fundus and upper part of the body. They are responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood to the splenic vein, which eventually leads to the portal vein and the liver. These veins are located near the greater curvature of the stomach and are important for maintaining proper blood flow in the area. They work alongside other gastric veins, such as the left gastric vein and right gastric vein, to ensure efficient circulation and nutrient absorption from the digestive process.