Serotyping is a laboratory technique used to identify and classify different strains of microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, based on their surface proteins or antigens. By exposing a sample to specific antibodies, scientists can determine which antigens are present, allowing them to categorize the microorganism into a specific serotype. This is important for understanding disease outbreaks and developing vaccines. The results of serotyping can help in diagnosing infections and tracking the spread of diseases. For example, Escherichia coli can have various serotypes, some of which are associated with foodborne illnesses. Identifying the serotype can guide treatment and prevention strategies.