Bacterial classification is the process of organizing bacteria into groups based on shared characteristics. This system helps scientists identify and study different types of bacteria. Bacteria can be classified by their shape, such as cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral). Other classification methods include examining their genetic material and metabolic processes. Another important aspect of bacterial classification is the use of the Gram stain technique, which divides bacteria into two main categories: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. This distinction is based on the structure of their cell walls, influencing their behavior and response to antibiotics. Understanding these classifications aids in medical diagnosis and treatment.