Sensor networks are groups of interconnected devices that collect and share data about their environment. These devices, often called sensors, can measure things like temperature, humidity, light, and motion. By working together, they provide valuable information that can be used in various applications, such as monitoring weather conditions, tracking wildlife, or managing smart homes. The data gathered by sensor networks can be transmitted to a central system for analysis. This allows for real-time monitoring and decision-making. For example, in smart cities, sensor networks help manage traffic flow and reduce energy consumption, making urban living more efficient and sustainable.