Semiconductor physics is the study of materials that have electrical conductivity between that of conductors and insulators. These materials, such as silicon and germanium, are essential in modern electronics. Their unique properties allow them to control electrical current, making them crucial for devices like transistors and diodes. In semiconductors, the behavior of electrons and holes (the absence of electrons) is key to understanding how they function. By manipulating factors like temperature and impurities, known as doping, the electrical properties of semiconductors can be tailored for specific applications, enabling advancements in technology and electronics.