Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth. It involves measuring and analyzing seismic waves, which are generated by tectonic activities, such as the shifting of the Earth's plates. Seismologists use instruments called seismometers to detect these waves and gather data about their intensity and duration. The information collected by seismologists helps in understanding the Earth's internal structure and predicting potential earthquakes. This field is crucial for improving safety measures in areas prone to seismic activity, as well as for designing buildings that can withstand earthquakes, ultimately protecting lives and property.