Sediment analysis is the study of particles that settle at the bottom of bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. This process helps scientists understand the composition, size, and distribution of sediments, which can reveal information about past environmental conditions, geological processes, and human activities. By examining sediment layers, researchers can gather data on climate change, pollution, and ecosystem health. Techniques used in sediment analysis include grain size analysis, chemical composition tests, and microscopic examination, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the sediment's origin and its impact on the surrounding environment.