Saltatory conduction is a process that occurs in myelinated neurons, where electrical impulses jump from one Node of Ranvier to another. This jumping action allows the nerve signal to travel much faster than in unmyelinated neurons, where the impulse must move continuously along the entire length of the axon. The myelin sheath, made up of glial cells, insulates the axon and prevents the loss of electrical charge. As a result, the action potential only occurs at the nodes, significantly increasing the speed and efficiency of nerve signal transmission in the nervous system.