Myelination is the process by which a fatty substance called myelin forms around the axons of neurons. This myelin sheath acts as an insulator, allowing electrical signals to travel more quickly and efficiently along the nerve fibers. Myelination is crucial for proper nervous system function and plays a significant role in the speed of communication between different parts of the body. The process of myelination begins during fetal development and continues into early adulthood. Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system are responsible for producing myelin. Proper myelination is essential for cognitive functions, motor skills, and overall neurological health.