The s-block refers to a group of elements in the periodic table that includes the first two columns: the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. These elements have their outermost electrons in the s orbital, which gives them unique properties. They are typically shiny, soft, and highly reactive, especially with water and halogens. Examples include lithium, sodium, and calcium. The s-block elements are known for forming strong ionic bonds due to their tendency to lose one or two electrons easily. This reactivity makes them important in various chemical reactions and applications, such as in batteries and construction materials. Their simple electron configuration contributes to their predictable behavior in chemical processes.