Rubella, also known as the German measles, is a contagious viral infection characterized by a mild rash and fever. It is caused by the rubella virus and is typically spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. While the illness is usually mild in children and adults, it can have serious consequences for pregnant women, as it may lead to congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent rubella. The MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, is recommended for children and adults who have not been vaccinated. Public health efforts have significantly reduced the incidence of rubella in many countries, but outbreaks can still occur, especially in areas with low vaccination rates.