Root causes refer to the fundamental reasons behind a problem or issue. Identifying these causes is essential for effective problem-solving, as addressing only the symptoms may lead to recurring issues. For example, in a manufacturing setting, a machine breakdown might be a symptom, while inadequate maintenance practices could be the root cause. Understanding root causes often involves techniques like the 5 Whys or Fishbone Diagrams, which help trace the problem back to its origin. By focusing on these underlying factors, organizations can implement long-term solutions that prevent similar problems from arising in the future.