Robustness refers to the ability of a system, object, or process to withstand variations and disturbances without failing. In engineering, for example, a bridge designed with robustness can endure extreme weather conditions and heavy loads, ensuring safety and longevity. This quality is essential in many fields, including software development, where robust programs can handle unexpected inputs or errors without crashing. In biology, robustness describes how organisms maintain functionality despite genetic mutations or environmental changes. A robust ecosystem can adapt to shifts, such as climate change, while still supporting diverse species. Overall, robustness is a critical characteristic that enhances reliability and resilience across various domains.