Retinal arteries are blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. These arteries branch off from the central retinal artery, which is a major vessel that enters the eye through the optic nerve. Proper blood flow through these arteries is essential for maintaining healthy vision. The main retinal arteries include the superior temporal, superior nasal, inferior temporal, and inferior nasal arteries. Each of these branches serves different areas of the retina. Blockages or damage to the retinal arteries can lead to serious vision problems, such as retinal ischemia or retinal vein occlusion.