Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) are variations in DNA sequences that result in different lengths of DNA fragments after being cut by specific enzymes called restriction enzymes. These enzymes recognize and cut DNA at particular sequences, leading to fragments that can vary in size among individuals due to genetic differences. RFLPs are commonly used in genetic analysis, such as in forensic science and paternity testing, to identify individuals or determine genetic relationships. By comparing the patterns of DNA fragments produced from different samples, scientists can detect variations that may indicate genetic diversity or hereditary conditions.