The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA. This process is essential for various applications, such as genetic testing, forensic analysis, and research. PCR involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling, which allow the DNA to separate and then be replicated by an enzyme called DNA polymerase. During PCR, short sequences known as primers bind to the target DNA, guiding the DNA polymerase to the right spot for copying. Each cycle doubles the amount of DNA, leading to exponential growth. This powerful method has revolutionized molecular biology and diagnostics, making it easier to study genes and detect diseases.