The regulation of railroad rates involves government oversight to ensure that freight and passenger charges are fair and reasonable. This regulation aims to prevent monopolistic practices and protect consumers from excessive pricing. Agencies like the Surface Transportation Board in the United States are responsible for monitoring and approving rate changes. Railroad rates can be influenced by various factors, including operating costs, competition, and demand for services. Regulators assess these elements to establish guidelines that promote a balanced transportation system while ensuring that railroads remain financially viable. This process helps maintain a reliable and efficient railroad network.