The Surface Transportation Board (STB) is an independent federal agency in the United States that oversees the economic regulation of various transportation industries, primarily railroads. Established in 1996, the STB's main responsibilities include reviewing railroad mergers, setting freight rates, and resolving disputes between railroads and shippers. The STB plays a crucial role in ensuring fair competition and efficient transportation services. It also monitors the performance of the rail industry and addresses issues related to service quality and infrastructure. By regulating these aspects, the STB helps maintain a balanced transportation system that supports the economy.