Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a type of protein found on the surface of cells that play a crucial role in cell communication and growth. When specific molecules, known as ligands, bind to these receptors, they trigger a series of chemical reactions inside the cell. This process helps regulate various functions, including cell division, differentiation, and metabolism. RTKs are important in many biological processes and are often implicated in diseases, particularly cancer. Abnormal activation or mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, making them a target for certain cancer therapies. Understanding how RTKs work is essential for developing treatments for related conditions.