Real gases are gases that do not behave ideally under all conditions. Unlike ideal gases, which follow the Ideal Gas Law perfectly, real gases experience interactions between their molecules and have a finite volume. These interactions can lead to deviations from expected behavior, especially at high pressures and low temperatures. The behavior of real gases can be described using equations like the Van der Waals equation, which accounts for molecular size and attraction. Understanding real gases is important in fields such as chemistry and engineering, where accurate predictions of gas behavior are crucial for processes like combustion and refrigeration.