A raft foundation is a type of shallow foundation that spreads the load of a building over a large area. It is typically used when the soil has low bearing capacity or when the building's weight is significant. By distributing the load evenly, a raft foundation helps prevent excessive settlement and provides stability. This foundation consists of a thick concrete slab that covers the entire footprint of the structure. It can be reinforced with steel to enhance its strength. Raft foundations are commonly used for multi-story buildings, large industrial structures, and in areas with challenging soil conditions.