Radioisotopes are unstable forms of elements that emit radiation as they decay into more stable forms. This process can involve the release of particles or electromagnetic waves, which can be detected and measured. Common examples of radioisotopes include carbon-14, used in dating ancient organic materials, and iodine-131, used in medical treatments for thyroid conditions. These isotopes have various applications in fields such as medicine, industry, and research. In medicine, they are used for diagnostic imaging and cancer treatment. In industry, radioisotopes can be used for quality control and material testing, while in research, they help trace chemical and biological processes.