Quantum algorithms are specialized procedures designed to run on quantum computers, which leverage the principles of quantum mechanics. Unlike classical algorithms that use bits as the smallest unit of data, quantum algorithms utilize qubits, allowing them to perform complex calculations more efficiently. This can lead to significant speedups for certain problems, such as factoring large numbers or searching unsorted databases. One of the most well-known quantum algorithms is Shor's algorithm, which can factor large integers exponentially faster than the best-known classical algorithms. Another example is Grover's algorithm, which provides a quadratic speedup for searching through unsorted data. These advancements have the potential to revolutionize fields like cryptography and optimization.