Quanta are the smallest discrete units of energy or matter in the field of physics. They represent the fundamental building blocks of the universe, such as photons for light and electrons for electricity. In quantum mechanics, these particles exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties, leading to unique behaviors that differ from classical physics. The concept of quanta is essential for understanding various phenomena, including quantum entanglement and superposition. These principles help explain how particles interact at the smallest scales, influencing technologies like quantum computing and semiconductors, which are vital for modern electronics.