Public sector undertakings (PSUs) are government-owned corporations or companies that operate in various industries to provide goods and services. They are established to promote economic development, create jobs, and ensure the availability of essential services to the public. PSUs are funded and managed by the government, which holds a majority stake in these enterprises. These organizations play a crucial role in sectors such as energy, transportation, and telecommunications. By operating in strategic areas, PSUs help maintain control over critical resources and infrastructure, contributing to national development and stability. Examples of PSUs include Indian Oil Corporation and Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited.