Public interest litigation (PIL) refers to legal actions initiated to protect the public's interest, often involving issues that affect a large group of people. It allows individuals or organizations to seek justice on behalf of those who may not have the resources or ability to do so themselves. PIL can address various matters, including environmental protection, human rights, and social justice. In many countries, courts encourage PIL to promote access to justice and uphold constitutional rights. Notable cases often involve non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or concerned citizens challenging government policies or corporate actions that harm the public. PIL serves as a vital tool for social change and accountability.