Pseudouridine synthases are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of uridine, a nucleoside found in RNA, into pseudouridine. This modification alters the structure of RNA, enhancing its stability and function. Pseudouridine is commonly found in various types of RNA, including transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), playing a crucial role in protein synthesis. These synthases are essential for proper cellular function, as they help regulate gene expression and maintain the integrity of RNA molecules. By modifying RNA, pseudouridine synthases contribute to the overall adaptability and efficiency of cellular processes, making them important in both normal physiology and disease states.