A production system is a framework used in artificial intelligence and computer science to represent knowledge and solve problems. It consists of a set of rules, often called production rules, which dictate how to transform input data into output results. These rules are typically in the form of "if-then" statements, allowing the system to make decisions based on specific conditions. In a production system, there are usually three main components: a knowledge base, which contains the information needed for decision-making; an inference engine, which applies the production rules to the knowledge base; and a working memory, where the current state of the problem is stored. Together, these elements enable the system to process information and generate solutions efficiently.