Process capability indices are statistical measures used to assess how well a manufacturing process can produce items within specified limits. They compare the natural variability of a process to the allowable limits set by design specifications. Common indices include Cp and Cpk, which help determine if a process is capable of meeting quality standards. These indices provide valuable insights for quality control and improvement. A higher Cp or Cpk value indicates a more capable process, meaning it produces fewer defects. By analyzing these indices, organizations can identify areas for improvement and ensure consistent product quality.