Primary hyperaldosteronism is a condition where the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone, a hormone that helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance. This excess aldosterone leads to increased sodium retention, potassium loss, and elevated blood pressure, which can result in hypertension and other health issues. The most common causes of primary hyperaldosteronism include adrenal adenomas (benign tumors) and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (enlargement of both adrenal glands). Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, imaging studies, and sometimes a saline infusion test to confirm the condition and guide treatment options, which may include medication or surgery.