Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organs, often the kidneys. It typically occurs after the 20th week of pregnancy and can lead to serious health issues for both the mother and the baby if not managed properly. Symptoms may include swelling, sudden weight gain, headaches, and changes in vision. The exact cause of pre-eclampsia is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve problems with the placenta. Risk factors include first-time pregnancy, a history of high blood pressure, and certain medical conditions. Early detection and treatment are crucial for the health of both mother and child.