Post-quantum cryptography refers to cryptographic algorithms designed to secure data against potential threats posed by quantum computers. Unlike traditional cryptographic methods, which could be easily broken by powerful quantum algorithms like Shor's algorithm, post-quantum techniques aim to remain secure even in a future where quantum computing is widely available. These new algorithms are being developed to protect sensitive information, such as online transactions and personal data, from being decrypted by quantum machines. Researchers are actively working to standardize these methods through organizations like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), ensuring a smooth transition to a more secure digital landscape.