After World War II, which ended in 1945, many countries faced significant challenges in rebuilding their economies and societies. The war had caused widespread destruction, leading to a need for reconstruction in places like Europe and Japan. The United States emerged as a global superpower, while the Soviet Union expanded its influence, leading to the beginning of the Cold War. During this period, new international organizations were established, such as the United Nations, to promote peace and cooperation among nations. The war also sparked movements for decolonization, as many countries in Africa and Asia sought independence from colonial rule.