Polymer materials are large molecules made up of repeating structural units called monomers. These materials can be natural, like rubber and cellulose, or synthetic, such as polyethylene and nylon. They are known for their versatility, durability, and lightweight properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, from packaging to automotive parts. Polymers can be classified into two main categories: thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. Thermoplastics can be melted and reshaped multiple times, while thermosetting plastics harden permanently after being shaped. This unique behavior allows polymer materials to be used in various industries, including electronics, medicine, and construction.