Polyene antibiotics are a class of antifungal medications that target fungal cell membranes. They work by binding to a component called ergosterol, which is essential for maintaining the integrity of the fungal cell membrane. This binding creates pores in the membrane, leading to cell leakage and ultimately cell death. Common examples of polyene antibiotics include amphotericin B and nystatin. These drugs are often used to treat serious fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. While effective, they can have side effects, including kidney toxicity, which requires careful monitoring during treatment.