Plant pathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. It focuses on understanding how these organisms affect plant health, growth, and productivity. By identifying the causes and symptoms of plant diseases, researchers can develop effective management strategies to protect crops. The field of plant pathology also explores environmental factors that contribute to disease development, such as soil conditions, climate, and agricultural practices. This knowledge helps farmers and agricultural scientists implement better practices to minimize crop losses and ensure food security.